Mixer



NOV. 2, 1965 J. w. PoRclELLo MIXER 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Sept. l0, 1963INVENTOR. Joseph W. Porciello ATTORN EY Nov. 2, 1965 .1.w. PoRclELLo3,215,409

MIXER Filed Sept. 10, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.2 FIG. 8

INVENTOR.

Joseph W. Porcello BY ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,215,409 MIXERJoseph W. Porciello, 345 Harlem Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. Filed Sept. 10,1963, Ser. No. 307,968 13 Claims. (Cl. 259-131) This invention relatesin general to a mixer, and more specifically to a centrifugal mixer andimproved mixing head therefor.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved centrifugal mixerand mixing head therefor for effecting a rapid and intense mixingaction.

Another object is to provide a mixing head constructed and arranged soas to render the same readily adaptable for use with conventionalhousehold electrical mixers.

Another object of this invention is tol provide a centrifugal mixer andmixing head therefor constructed and arranged for manual or handoperation.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved mixing headconstructed and arranged so as to exert a compressive force on the iiuidbeing mixed so as to further enhance the mixing action.

It is another object of this invention to provide a centrifugal mixercapable of satisfactorily performing all types of mixing or blendingoperations.

Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved mixinghead construction constructed so as to effect a mechanical and hydraulicshear of the iiuid during a mixing operation to effect a rapid andintense mixing action.

Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved mixerand mixing head therefor that is relatively simple in construction,inexpensive to fabricate, and positive in operation.

The above objects and other features and advantages are attained by acentrifugal mixer comprising essentially of a drive means operativelyassociated with a mixing head specifically constructed and arranged toeffect a rapid and intense mixing action with a minimum of effort. Inaccordance with this invention, the mixer may be constructed andarranged so as to utilize either one or more mixing heads. Each of themixing heads comprises essentially of a pair of spaced plate members ordiscs journalled to a shaft. Each of the plates or discs is providedwith a series of radially extending slots. Cooperatively associated witheach of the slots is a vane means which is bent out of the plane of itsrespective plate or disc. For optimum operation, the slots of therespective pair of discs of the mixing head are disposed in axialalignment. In accordance with this invention the vanes of each disc arealternately bent to either side of the respective discs. The vanes bentto the outer side of the respective discs are inclined in the directionof rotation of the disc to define an acute angle with respect to theplane of the disc. The inwardly directed vanes are disposedsubstantially normal to the respective plates thereof.

For optimum performance, two such mixing heads are connected to a drivemeans so as to be counter-rotated with respect to one another. Thearrangement is such that in operation the respective heads effect anintense mechanical and hydraulic shearing action on the fluid beingmixed during a mixing operation.

In one form of the invention, the respective mixing heads areconstructed and arranged as an adaptor assembly for applying the same tothe drive connections of a conventional power operated mixer. In anotherform of the invention the mixing heads are incorporated in a manual orhand driven means.

A feature of this invention resides in the provision that the respectivediscs of the mixing head can be economically fabricated as by stamping.

3,215,409 Patented Nov. 2, 1965 Another feature of this inventionresides in the provision that each of the discs making up the mixinghead are substantially similar in construction.

Another feature of this invention resides in the provision that therespective mixing heads are constructed and arranged so as to effect anintimate mixing of the fluid t0 be mixed.

Other features and advantages will become more readily apparent whenconsidered in view of the specification and drawings in which,

FIGURE 1 is a front elevation View of a mixer of the instant invention.

FIGURE 2 is a right end view of the mixer of FIG. 1.

FIGURE 3 is a detail top plan view of the mixing head taken along line 33 of FIG. l.

FIGURE 4 is a detail bottom plan view taken along line 4 4 of FIG. 1.

FIGURE 5 is a section view taken through the mixing head along line 5 5of FIG. l.

FIGURE 6 is a section View taken through the mixing head along line 6 6of FIG. 1.

FIGURE 7 illustrates a fragmentary front elevation View of a slightlymodified form of the invention.

FIGURE 8 is a front elevation view of another modified form of theinvention and,

FIGURE 9 is a front elevation view of still another form of theinvention.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown the mixers and mixing headtherefor constructed in accordance with this invention. In theembodiment illustrated of FIGS. l to 6, the mixer Ztl comprisesessentially of a frame 21 including an upper frame portion 22 and alower wire frame portion 23. The upper frame portion 22 is preferablydefined by a pair of spaced yoke portions 22A, 22B interconnected by aweb portion 22C which can be suitably formed by a casting. Connectedintegrally with one of the yoke portions 22A is a handle means 24 bywhich the mixer may be grasped. Rotatably journalled between the outerside portions of the respective yoke portions ZZA, 22B and extendingtherethrough is a shaft 25. A pair of drive wheels 26, 27 are connectedin spaced relationship on the shaft 25, each of the drive wheels beingjournalled on the shaft 25 within their respective yoke portions 22A,22B. A crank 2S is integrally connected to one end of the shaft 25 andit provides the means whereby the drive wheels 26, 27 may be rotated.

The lower frame portion 23 includes a U shaped wire frame member havingopposed leg portions 23A, 23B and an interconnected bight portion 23C.The respective frame portions 22 and 23 are secured by having the upperends of the respective leg portions 22A, 23B of the lower wire frameportion iitted into sockets 29 defined in the bottom of each of therespective yoke portions 22A, 22B.

Rotatably journalled about each of the leg portions 23A, 23B of thelower Wire frame portion is a hollow shaft 30 to which the respectivemixing heads 31, 32 are secured.

As shown, a bevel gear 33 is connected to the upper end of each of therespective shafts 30. Accordingly each bevel gear 33 is arranged so asto be in meshing relationship with a gear track 26A, 27A formed in theside edge portion of the adjacent drive wheel.

Connected to the lower end of the respective hollow shafts is the mixinghead construction of this invention. It is to be noted that each of themixing head constructions 31, 32 are similar in construction, butopposite in hand. Therefore, the description of one is consideredsuiiicient for an understanding of the invention.

The respective mixing heads each comprise a pair of spaced flat platesor discs 34, 35. A plurality of radially extending slots 34A, 35A areformed in each of the rerice spective discs 34, 35 making up the mixinghead. Operatively associated with each of the respective slots 34A, 35Ais a vane 37, 38. In accordance with this invention, the vanes 37, 3Sare formed by the portion of the material that is blanked out from theplane to the respective discs to define the slots formed therein. Asbest seen in view 3 and 4, the vanes associated with each of the slotsin both the upper and lower discs of the mixing head are bent out of theplane of their respective discs along a fold line F1, F2, dened by thetrailing edge of the respective slots. In accordance with thisinvention, alternate vanes 37A, 38A are bent outwardly of theirrespective discs. The vanes 37A, 38A dene an acute angle with respect tothe plane of their respective discs and they are inclined in directionof rotation of the disc. The vanes 37B, 38B associated with the otherslots are angularly bent inwardly toward one another, and as best seenin FIG. 6, the inwardly directed vanes 37B, 38B of the upper and lowerdisc members are disposed substantially normal relative to the plane oftheir respective discs. For optimum operation the slots 34A, 35A formedin the upper and lower discs 34, 35 of the respective mixing heads areco-axially disposed.

As shown -in FIGS. l and 2 .and 5, the inwardly directed vanes areconstructed and arranged so the respective free ends there are spaced invertical alignment one from the other.

Completing the mixer assembly, are a pair of auxiliary lower wire framemembers 39, 40 which extend transversely to the U shaped wire framemember. As best seen in FIG. 2, each of the auxiliary frame memberscomprise upright leg portions 41 connected to a laterally off-setportion 42 for accommodating the width of the mixing head. Thus thelower offset portion 42 of the auxiliary frame members define a cage forthe respective mixing head.

In operation, it is to be noted that rotation of the crank 28 will causethe respective drive wheels 26, 27 to counter-rotate the respectiveImixing head geared thereto. Therefore, since the outwardly extendiedvanes 37A, 38A of the respective heads are inclined in the respectivedirection of rotation of the disc, they will serve to forcibly directthe uid being mixed through the slots 34A, 35A formed adjacent theretoto the space defined between spaced plates. The inwardly directed vanes37B, 38B in turn discharge the uid from the space between plates in aradially outward direction. In doing so, portions of the fluid arecompressed by the spacing between the inwardly extending vanes 37B, 38B.Also, as the respective mixing heads 31 and 32 are counter-rotating withrespect to each other, fluid is discharged radially outwardly frombetween the plates of the respective mixing heads to result in hydraulicshearing of the uid due to portions of the uid being directed towardeach other. As a result, a rapid and intense mixing of the fluid isattained. The vanes impinging on the iiuid also effects a mechanicalshear to further enhance the mixing operation.

FIGURE 7 illustrates a modified form of the invention. In this form ofthe invention, the structure of the mixing head is identical with thathereinbefore described: This form of the invention differs however fromthat of the form described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 in that asingle drive wheel 50 is utilized for driving each of the respectivemixing heads in counter-rotation with respect to one another. This isattained by forming the handle frame portion 51 of the mixer with asingle yoke for accommodating, but a single drive wheel, therefore, inthis form of the invention, both side edges of the drive wheel isprovided with a gear track 50A, 50B. The bevel gears 52, 53 connected toeach of the respective mixer shafts 54, 55 are thus disposed in meshingrelationship with the opposite sides 50A, 50B of the single drive wheel50. Consequently, it will be apparent that when the crank 56 is rotated,the single drive wheel 50 will cause the respective bevel gears 52, 53disposed in engagement with the respective sides thereof tocounter-rotate the shafts and respective mixing heads connected theretoto attain a mixing action similar to that hereinabove described.

FIGURE 8 illustrates how the mixing heads described can be constructedas an adaptor 60 for use with the drive means 61 of a conventional poweroperated mixer, e.g. electric domestic type mixer. In this form of theinvention, the adaptor 60 for positioning the mixing heads, similar inconstruction as described with reference to FIG. 1, to the drive means61 of a domestic electric mixer or the like comprises a gear housing 62in which there is rotatably journalled therein a pair of drive gears 63.Each of the drive gears 63 are disposed in meshing relationshiprespectively with a driven gear 64 also rotatably journalled within thehousing 62. Preferably the housing 62 is constructed as a boxarrangement having a bottom wall 62A and enclosing front, rear and endwalls 62B, 62C, 62D. A removably connected cover plate 65 is provided toclose the upper end of the housing 62.

Extending upwardly through the cover plate 65 of the housing are a pairof drive shafts 66 which are tixedly connected to the respective drivegears 63. The shafts 67 to which the respective mixing heads areconnec'ted are each connected to the driven gears 64 and they extenddownwardly through the bottom plate 62A of the housing. Accordingly thespacing between centers of the drive shafts 66 is such that they can bereadily adapted for insertion into the drive sockets of a power operatedmixer 61. In operation, the mixing action afforded by the adaptor 60 issimilar to that herein described, with the exception that the mixingheads are power operated, as distinguished from the manual operationdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

FIGURE 9 is an arrangement illustrating the use of a single mixing headattachment 70 for an electrical appliance. In this form of theinvention, the mixing head comprises simply of the drive shaft 71 andthe spaced plates 34 and 35 similar to that hereinbefore describedconnected thereto. Thus drive shaft 71 can be directly detachablyconnected into the drive socket of a power operated mixer.

From the foregoing, it will be readily apparent that the describedmixers and mixing head therefor is relatively simple in construction,can be easily fabricated and is positive in operation. The arrangementof the specific mixing head is such that a violent and rapidintermingling of the uid or substance being mixed is readily attained ina minimum of time and with a minimum of effort. The arrangement is suchthat the mixing action is enhanced due to the mechanical and hydraulicshearing effect which the respective mixing head has on the substancebeing mixed when the mixing head is submerged below the level thereof.It is to be noted that the operation mixing head is such that theoutwardly bent vanes in the respective upper and lower discs of themixing head forcibly direct uid through the slots associated therewithto the space defined therebetween, and that the inwardly directed vanesof the alternately disposed slots serve to effect shearing of the fluidbeing mixed as well as a compression thereof. Thus the particles of thesubstances are intimately mixed or blended together. Thecounter-rotating of the respective mixing heads further force the fluidsbeing ejected from the space between the respective mixing heads to bedirected toward one another to impart hydraulic shear thereto. Becauseof the arrangement described, a rapid mixing is attained and for thisreason, the time required to otherwise mix or blend various substancesin a manner heretofore known is greatly enhanced.

While the instant invention has been described with reference to severalembodiments thereof, it is to be noted that variations and modificationsthereof may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of thisinvention.

What is claimed is:

1. A mixing device comprising,

(a) a frame including,

(b) a drive means,

(c) a mixing head mounted for rotation on said frame connected indriving relationship with said drive means,

(d) said mixing head including7 a pair of spaced flat plate members,

(e) each of said plate members having a plurality of circumferentiallyspaced radially extending slots therein, the corresponding slots of saidrespective plates being disposed in axial alignment,

(f) a vane operatively associated with each of said slots,

(g) the vanes of said slots in each of said plates being bent outwardlyand inwardly to extend to either side of their respective plates, and

(h) the vanes bent outwardly of their respective plates being inclinedat an acute angle to the plane of their respective plate members in thedirection of rotation of said head,

(i) and the vanes bent inwardly of the respective plates being disposedsubstantially normal to the plane of their respective plates.

2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein,

(a) the inwardly bent vanes of said plates have their respective freeedges spaced from one another.

3. A mixing device comprising,

(a) a shaft adapted to be rotated,

(b) a mixing head connected to said shaft,

(c) said mixing head including a pair of spaced flat plate members,

(d) each of said plate members including a pluraltiy of radiallyextending slots formed therein, each of said slots having a leading edgeand a trailing edge,

(e) an irnperforate vane operatively associated with each of said slots,

(f) each of said vanes being bent out of the plane of its respectiveplate members along the trailing edge of its corresponding slot,

(g) and the alternate vanes on each of said plates being directed toeither side of the plane of their respective plate member so that theoutwardly disposed vane of the respective plate members are opposed oneanother and the inwardly disposed vanes are disposed in spacedrelationship opposite one another, the outwardly disposed vanes beinginclined at an acute angle to the plane of their respective platemembers, and the inwardly disposed vanes being disposed substantiallynormal to the plane of their respective plate members.

4. A mixing device comprising,

(a) a pair of spaced apart shafts adapted to be mounted forcounter-rotation with respect to one another, (b) a mixing headconnected to each of said shafts to rotate therewith,

(c) each of said mixing headsincluding a pair of spaced plate members,

(d) the respective plate members including a plurality of radiallyextending slots formed therein, each of said slots having a leading edgeand a trailing edge,

(e) an imperforate vane operatively associated with each of said slots,

(f) each of said vanes being bent out of the plane of its respectiveplate along the trailing edge of each slot,

(g) and the alternate vanes of the respective head plates beingoppositely directed to either side thereof so that the outwardlydisposed vanes of the respective heads are opposed one another and areinclined in the direction of rotation at an acute angle relative to theplane of the respective plate members and the inwardly disposed vanesare disposed opposite one another and are disposed substantially normalto the plane of its respective plate members.

5. A mixing head comprising,

(a) two pair of coaxially spaced disks disposed in side by siderelationship,

(b) each of said disks having a series of radially extending vanesblanked out of the respective planes thereof to define a slotoperatively associated with each of said vanes,

(c) the vanes of the respective disks being alternately bent to eitherside thereof the vanes bent to the outer side of the respective pairs ofdisks being inclined in the direction of rotation at an acute angle withrespect to the plane of the respective disks of said pairs of disks, andthe vanes bent inwardly of said pairs of disks being disposed at anangle substantially normal to the plane of the respective disks of saidpairs of disks.

6. The invention as defined in claim 5 including means to counter-rotatethe respective pairs of coaxially spaced disks relative to one another.

7. A mixing head adaptor for use on an electric mixer comprising,

(a) a gear housing including a drive gear and driven gear rotatablyjournalled therein in meshing relationship,

(b) a drive shaft connected to said drive gear,

(c) said drive shaft being adapted to be detachably connected to themixer,

(d) a driven shaft connected to said driven gear,

(e) a mixing head connected to said driven shaft,

(f) said mixing head including a pair of spaced disc members,

(g) each of said disc members having a plurality of slots,

(h) vane means operatively associated with each of said slots, and

(i) alternate vanes on each of said discs being oppositely bent toextend outwardly and inwardly to either side of the respective disc,

(j) the vanes bent outwardly of their respective plates being inclinedat an acute angle to the plane of their respective plate members in thedirection of rotation of said head, and

(k) the vanes bent inwardly of the respective plates being disposedsubstantially normal to the plane of their respective plates.

8. An adaptor for use on a mixer having an electric drive meanscomprising,

(a) a gear housing including a drive gear and driven gear rotatablyjournalled therein in meshing relationship therein,

(b) a drive shaft connected to said drive gear,

(c) said drive shaft being adapted to be detachably connected to theelectric drive of the mixer,

(d) a driven shaft connected to said driven gear,

(e) a mixing head connected to said driven shaft,

(f) said mixing head including a pair of spaced plate members,

g) each of said plate members including a plurality of radiallyextending slots formed therein, each of said slots having a leading edgeand a trailing edge,

(h) an imperforate vane operatively associated with each of said slots,

(i) each of said vanes being bent out of the plane of its respectiveplate member along the trailing edge of the slot associated therewith,

(j) and the vanes on each of said plate being alternately directed toeither side of the plane of the respective disk whereby the outwardlydisposed vane of the respective disks are opposite one another,

7 s and the inwardly disposed vane are disposed opposite one another,

(k) the vanes bent outwardly of their respective plates being inclinedat an acute angle to the plane of their respective plate members in thedirection of rotation of said head, and

(l) the vanes bent inwardly of the respective plates being disposedsubstantially normal to the plane of their respective plates.

9. A mixing device comprising,

(a) a mixing head including,

(b) a shaft adapted to be rotated,

(c) a pair of spaced plates mounted adjacent the end of said shaft,

(d) each of said plates having a series of circumferentially spacedradially extending slots,

(e) an imperforated vane operatively associated with each of said slots,

(f) said plates being mounted on said shaft so that the slots in each ofsaid plates are axially aligned,

(g) the vane associated with each of the alternately spaced slots beingdirected inwardly into the space defined between said spaced plates,

(h) and the vane associated with the slots formed be tween saidalternate slots of each plate being bent outwardly from the plane of therespective plates for directing the uid to be mixed through theassociated slot and into the space between said plates to effectintimate mixing of the fluid,

(i) and the inwardly extending vanes of the respective platesfunctioning to radially discharge the uid outwardly from between saidspaced plates during a mixing action of said device,

(j) the vanes bent outwardly of their respective plates being inclinedat an acute angle to the plane of their respective plate members in thedirection of rotation of said head, and

(k) the vanes bent inwardly of the respective plates being disposedsubstantially normal to the plane of their respective plates.

10. An egg beater comprising,

(a) a handle frame portion,

(b) a turn crank and connected shafts rotatably journalled on said frameportion,

(c) a pair of drive wheels journalled on said shafts in spacedrelationship to rotate with said shaft when said turn crank is rotated,

(d) a mixing head connected in driving relation with each of said drivewheels, said mixing heads being operatively associated with theirrespective drive wheels so as to counter-rotate relative to each otherwhen said crank is turned,

(e) each of said mixing heads including a pair of spaced plate members,

(f) the spaced plate members of each head having a series of slotsformed therein,

(g) vane means operatively associated with the slots of each of saidspaced plates,

(h) alternate vane means on each of said spaced plates are oppositelydirected to either side of the plane of the respective plates so that inoperation the vanes of said spaced plates function to direct streams offluid toward one another in the space defined between said platemembers, and other of said vane means function to discharge the fluidfrom between said pair of plate members of each head radially outwardlytherefrom,

(i) and the vanes discharging radially of the counterrotating headscausing the uid so discharged to be directed toward one another toeffect a compression action therebetween to enhance intimate mixing.

`11. An egg beater comprising, (a) a handle frame portion,

(b) a shaft rotatably journalled on said lhandle frame portion,

(c) a pair of drive wheels journalled to said shaft in spacedrelationship,

(d) each of said drive wheels rhaving .a row of gear teeth formed alongthe outside edge thereof respectively,

(e) `a U shaped wire frame having opposed leg portions, the ends of saidleg portions being secured to said handle portion,

(f) the axis of said shaft being coincident in the plane of said Ushaped wire frame,

(g) a hollow shaft rotatably journalled on each leg portion of said Ushaped frame,

(h) a bevel gear connected to each of the upper ends of the respectivehollow shafts,

(i) each of said bevel gears being disposed in meshing relationship withthe gear teeth of the adjacent drive wheel,

(j) `a mixing head connected to the other end of the respective hollowshafts,

(k) a turn crank sconnected to said drive shaft to effect the drivingthereof whereby said hollow shafts and connected mixing heads are drivenin counter-rotation with respect to one another,

(l) each of said mixing heads including a pair of spaced disks,

(m) each of said pair of spaced disks having a plurality of radiallyextending slots formed therein,

(n) each of said slots having a leading and trailing edge portion in therespective direction o-f rotation thereof,

(o) an imperforate vane operatively associated with each of said slot,each of `said vanes being bent out of the plane of its respective diskalong the trailing edge of its respective slot,

(p) said pair of `disks being disposed so that the respective slotsthereof are in vertical alignment,

(q) the vane associated with alternate slots of said paired disk beingbent outwardly of ltheir respective disks and inclined relative thereofto dene an acute angle in the respective direction of rotation thereofso as to direct fluid inwardly through the associated slot and into thespace defined between said paired disks,

(r) and the vanes associated with the other slots in said pair of disksbeing bent inwardly of their respective disk so as to be directed towardone another,

(s) said inwardly directed vanes being disposed substantially normal tothe plane of their respective disks whereby said inwardly directivevanes are vertically aligned to discharge the Huid from between saiddisks in a radially outwardly direction therefrom when in operation.

12. The invention as defined in claim 11 and including,

(a) a pair of auxiliary wire frame portions disposed transversely ofsaid U-sbaped frame portion,

(b) each of said auxiliary frame members having `'a laterally bentportion for accommodating said mixing heads.

13. An egg beater comprising,

(a) a handle frame portion having a yoke,

y(b) a shaft rotatably journalled transversely of said yoke,

(c) a drive wheel journalled to said shaft within said yoke,

(d) said drive wheel having a row of gear teeth formed along the opposedoutside edge thereof respectively,

(e) a U shaped wire frame having opposed leg portions, the ends of saidleg portions being secured to said handle portion,

(-f) the plane of said U shaped wire frame being coincident with the'axis of said shaft,

(g) a hollow shaft rotatably journalled on each leg portion of saidU-shaped frame,

`(l1) a bevel gear connected to the upper end of each of the respectivehollow shafts,

(i) each of s-aid bevel gear being d-isposed in meshing relationshipwith the gear teeth formed on one side of the drive wheel,

(j) a mixing head connected to the other end of each of the respectivehollow shafts,

(k) means connected to said shaft to eiect the driving thereof wherebysaid hollow shafts and connected mixing heads Iare driven incounter-rotation relative one another,

(l) each of said mixing heads including a pair of spaced disks,

(m) each of said pai-r of spaced disks having a plur-al-ity of radiallyextending slots,

(n) each of said slots having a leading and trailing edge portion,

(o) an imperforate vane operatively assoc-iated with each of said slots,each of said vanes being bent out lof the plane of its respective disk,

(p) the slots of each pair of disks being disposed in alignment,

(q) the vanes associated with alternate slots of said paired disk beingbent outwardly of their respective disks and inclined relative thereofin the respetive direction 0f rotation so as to direct uid through theassociated slot and inwardly to the space defined between ysaid paireddisks,

(r) and the vanes associated with the other slots of References Cited bythe Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 55,407 6/ 66 Whisler '259-131 826,8397/06 Fay 259-104 X 1,056,778 3/ 13 Collins `1259-104 1,516,792 11/24Ruggles 259-134 2,849,896 9/58 Lappin et al 259-1131 X `3,03 0,083 4/62Stiler -259-1f34 3,063,685 11/ 62 Rommel 259-135 FOREIGN PATENTS 129,3818/ 47 Australia. 527,464 4/54 Belgium. 1,309,367 10/ 62 France.

545,092 2/ 32 Germany.

25 WALTER A. SOHEEL, Primary Examiner.

WILLIAM I. PRICE, Examiner.

5. A MIXING HEAD COMPRISING, (A) TWO PAIR OF COAXIALLY SPACED DISKSDISPOSED IN SIDE BY SIDE RELATIONSHIP, (B) EADH OF SAID DISKS HAVING ASERIES OF RADIALLY EXTENDING VANES BLANKED OUT OF THE RESPECTIVE PLANESTHEREOF TO DEFINE A SLOT OPERATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF SAID VANES,(C) THE VANES OF THE RESPECTIVE DISKS BEING ALTERNATELY BENT TO EITHERSIDE THEREOF THE VANES BEND TO THE OUTER SIDE OF THE RESPECTIVE PAIRS OFDISKS BEING INCLINED IN THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION AT AN ACUTE ANGLE WITHRESPECT TO THE PLANE OF THE RESPECTIVE DISKS OF SAID PAIRS OF DISKS, ANDTHE VANES BENT INWARDLY OF SAID PAIRS OF DISKS DISPOSED AT AN ANGLESUBSTANTIALLY NORMAL TO THE PLANE OF THE RESPECTIVE DISKS OF SAID PAIRSOF DISKS.